Statistics

Summary statistics give you an overview of the distribution of a continuous variable through various measurements. Summary statistics must be reported in academic papers, research essays, and theses that are quantitatively oriented. In this blog post, we’ll show...

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) exists in order to determine whether there is an effect of an independent variable with more than two levels on a dependent variable that is continuously distributed. ANOVA can be accompanied by Tukey’s post hoc test in order to...

One of the great things about statistics programs is that, when you know how, you can generate data without merely typing it in. In Stata, there are many ways to generate data, so much so that hundreds of pages of...

Logistic regression is conducted when an outcome or dependent variable can have only two values, typically 0 or 1. This type of statistical procedure is often utilized in academic essays, research papers, and theses that are...

In academic essays, research papers, and theses that are quantitative and contain results related to the administration of a scale, students often have to pay attention to Cronbach’s Alpha. Cronbach’s Alpha is a measure of the...

In the language of statistical software, string variables are variables encoded in names rather than numbers. In writing your academic essay, research paper, or thesis, you might be using string data that subsequently create difficulty when...

After conducting linear regression in a program such as Stata, you will want to conduct some diagnostics and check some assumptions. This is part of more advanced ordinary least squares (OLS) regression procedures commonly...

​Earlier, we showed you what correlation looks like on scatter plots and described how the Pearson correlation coefficient, r, can vary from -1 to 1. In this post, we’ll provide some details on...  

Earlier, we showed you what correlation looks like on scatter plots and described how the Pearson correlation coefficient, r, can vary from -1 to 1. In this post, we’ll provide some details on...

Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, also known as linear regression, is a common statistical procedure. Many academic papers, research essays, and theses include OLS regression. In this blog entry, we’ll show you how to...

Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, also known as linear regression, is a common statistical procedure. Many academic papers, research essays, and theses include OLS regression. In this blog entry, we’ll show you how to use R to...

IBM’s SPSS is one of the most commonly used statistical programs. Many students who write quantitatively oriented research papers, academic essays, and theses use IBM SPSS, sometimes because...

Earlier, we showed you what correlation looks like on scatterplots and described how the Pearson correlation coefficient, r, can vary from -1 to 1. In this post, we’ll provide some details on how to...

In any essay or academic paper with a quantitative component, you’ll have to describe your variables at some point. There are four types of variables, each of which we’ve explained below:

We’ve all heard about the concept of data being skewed, but what does this concept really mean? In statistical reporting of the kind in which you have to engage in academic papers, theses, or research essays, skewness is a...

Very few people are familiar with the concept of kurtosis, but, in quantitatively oriented academic papers, theses, or research essays, kurtosis is a property that you have to understand, generate...

Earlier, we showed you what correlation looks like on scatter plots and described how the Pearson correlation coefficient, r, can vary from -1 to 1. In this post, we’ll provide some details on...

Pearson correlation, which generates an r value or correlation coefficient, is one of the most common statistical procedures. Many academic papers that contain...

Many academic papers, theses, or research projects that contain quantitative findings can be enriched by the use of 95% confidence interval (CI) plots, which can be generated by statistical programs such as...

One of the most basic questions that comes up in quantitative research projects is whether the mean of one variable is different from the mean of another variable. Are men taller than women? Do people with degrees earn more...